Typeof irrigation and drainage structures

You will learn these structures

Tail Regulator Structure

• Purpose: Controls the outflow of water at the end of a canal system.

• Function: Maintains the desired water level in the canal and prevents the backflow of water from downstream.

• Structure: Typically consists of gates or sluices that can be opened or closed to regulate discharge.

❖ Siphon Structure

• Purpose: Allows water to pass under an obstruction (e.g., road, canal, or embankment) by gravity.

• Function: Used when a canal or drain crosses another drain or natural stream below its bed level.

• Structure: A closed conduit (pipe or barrel) shaped like an inverted U or loop, using the principle of siphonic action to maintain flow.

❖ Drain Inlet

• Purpose: Collects surface water runoff (from roads, fields, or urban areas) and directs it into the drainage system.

• Function: Prevents flooding or ponding by capturing stormwater.

• Structure: Usually a grated opening connected to an underground drain or stormwater pipe.

❖ Wasteway Structure

• Purpose: Provides a controlled escape route for excess water from a canal or irrigation channel.

• Function: Prevents overtopping and potential canal breach during floods or excessive flow.

• Structure: Can include weirs, spillways, or gates that discharge water to a natural drain or river.

❖ Drainage Crossing

• Purpose: Facilitates the crossing of a drainage channel under or over a canal or road.

• Function: Maintains the continuity of flow in both the canal and the drain without interference.

• Types:

  • Aqueduct: Drain passes over the canal.

  • Super passage: Drain passes under the canal.

  • Level crossing: Drain and canal cross at the same level, with proper control structures.