Section outline

  • Design of Irrigation & Drainage Structures (part 2)

    Collapse all Expand all

    context in civil and agricultural engineering programs. It involves the engineering principles and practices used to manage water efficiently for agricultural and land-use purposes.

    the needs for designing

    • Purpose: Ensure optimal water availability for crops and remove excess water to prevent waterlogging and salinity.

    • Goal: Improve agricultural productivity, protect soil health, and manage water resources sustainably.

  • Typeof irrigation and drainage structures

    You will learn these structures

    Tail Regulator Structure
    • Purpose: Controls the outflow of water at the end of a canal system.
    • Function: Maintains the desired water level in the canal and prevents the backflow of water from downstream.
    • Structure: Typically consists of gates or sluices that can be opened or closed to regulate discharge.
    ❖ Siphon Structure
    • Purpose: Allows water to pass under an obstruction (e.g., road, canal, or embankment) by gravity.
    • Function: Used when a canal or drain crosses another drain or natural stream below its bed level.
    • Structure: A closed conduit (pipe or barrel) shaped like an inverted U or loop, using the principle of siphonic action to maintain flow.
    ❖ Drain Inlet
    • Purpose: Collects surface water runoff (from roads, fields, or urban areas) and directs it into the drainage system.
    • Function: Prevents flooding or ponding by capturing stormwater.
    • Structure: Usually a grated opening connected to an underground drain or stormwater pipe.
    ❖ Wasteway Structure
    • Purpose: Provides a controlled escape route for excess water from a canal or irrigation channel.
    • Function: Prevents overtopping and potential canal breach during floods or excessive flow.
    • Structure: Can include weirs, spillways, or gates that discharge water to a natural drain or river.
    ❖ Drainage Crossing
    • Purpose: Facilitates the crossing of a drainage channel under or over a canal or road.
    • Function: Maintains the continuity of flow in both the canal and the drain without interference.
    • Types:
      • Aqueduct: Drain passes over the canal.
      • Super passage: Drain passes under the canal.
      • Level crossing: Drain and canal cross at the same level, with proper control structures.